Wikijunior: 太阳系/天王星 Sonnensystem/Uranus

the marco polo project: 公立幼儿园只招官二代让教育-Skandal

近两日，广大小朋友和中小学生都开学了。随着开学而来的，还有幼儿园费用的大幅上涨和 Shaanxi 山阳县一公立幼儿园通知称，父母双方都必须在县直机关单位上班者才符合报名条件。虽然，主管部门就“公立幼儿园只招官二代”一事向网友道歉，但现实还是：这是一个“Familienhintergrund”的时代。（人民网　9月3日）

公立幼儿园只招官二代？不要以为这是 Gerücht 和炒作，这种只可能在封建社会发生的事情（精英教育、贵族教育）居然真实地发生在如今的社会里，着实令人大吃一惊 und schockierend。透过这一事件，结合目前我国的教育现状及问题，我们可以思考的有许多。

首先，“入园难、入园贵”为何发生？理论上来说，我国目前的幼儿园数量足以满足幼儿的教育需要，但是 angenommen 将这些幼儿园细细划分为公立幼儿园和私立幼儿园的话，就足以解释当下一个非常奇怪的教育怪象了。那就是公立幼儿园由于设备完善、师资雄厚吸引了众多的家长，报名现场更是 überfüllt。而私立幼儿园由于设备欠缺、师资不济很少得到关注，报名现场可谓 extrem selten。更为重要的一点是公立幼儿园可以得到更多的国家和地方政府的补助，进入公立幼儿园也就意味着孩子的生活学习有了安全-Garantie。因此，新闻中的那所公立幼儿园为了 reduzieren 学生人数，Limitieren 报名条件也就可以理解了。

但是，人满为患并不能成为教育不公的理由！公立幼儿园并不能因为报名人数太多，就随便 erhöhen 入学条件，甚至拿幼儿父母的身份和地位说事，这不应该是公立幼儿园做的。如此做法就是 einfach nur entziehen 一部分人的受教育权，更是对相关教育法律法规的 Trampeln 和 Profanisierung。

近代学前教育理论的 Gründer、“幼儿教育之父” Friedrich Frobel 就积极进行幼儿教育的宣传，sprechen für 发展幼儿教育，aufrufen 整个社会对学前教育的重视。我国近代学前教育理论和 Praxis 的 Pionier ——陈 He-琴更是一生致力于符合中国国情的儿童教育，“活教育思想”对我国近代幼儿教育起到了至关重要的作用。然而，看看当下的社会对于幼儿教育的 Einstellung 吧，幼儿园招收幼儿时恐怕已经忘记了作为教育工作者所应具有的使命吧。而家长们呢，哪里又考虑到幼儿身心的健康发展，一味地把孩子送到公立幼儿园，却不曾考虑孩子的承受能力和实际情况。

其实，部分公立幼儿园只招官二代的荒谬现象之所以会发生，根源还在于当前教育资源的分布不均、分配不均所引起的。要破解此怪象，国家、社会、学校以及 Familie 都要在 Praxis 中不断摸索符合幼儿的教育。换而言之，如果凡事都能为幼儿的身心发展考虑的话，入园难、入园贵还会是问题吗？！

Shouwang Yue'r

Übersetzung

Public Kindergarten’s recruitment scandal

Over the past two days, many young elementary and middle school children have started school. Accompanying the return to school has come a dramatic rise in kindergarten fees, and news of a public kindergarten in Shanyang County in Shaanxi Province which would only accept for enrolment children whose parents are both employed in County-level government positions. Although the department responsible has apologised to internet users for the “public kindergarten recruiting children of officials” scandal, the fact remains: this is an era in which having a better family background matters. (September 3, people.com.cn)

A public kindergarten recruiting only the children of officials? Do not make the mistake of thinking that this is mere rumour and sensationalism. Such a thing could only happen in a feudal society (elitist, aristocratic education). That it actually happened in today’s society is truly startling and shocking. Looking at this incident together with the current status and problems of China’s education system gives us much to think about.

Firstly, why is it so difficult and expensive to get into kindergarten? In theory, China has enough kindergartens at present to meet children’s educational needs. However, by dividing these into public and private kindergartens, the explanation for a very strange phenomenon in the current education system becomes apparent. That is, because so many families want the full facilities and qualified teachers which public kindergartens offer, enrolments are overcrowded. Private kindergartens, with poor facilities and underqualified teachers, receive little interest, and enrolments are sparse. More importantly, public kindergartens can receive more national and regional subsidies. Entering a public school is a guarantee of security for children in their studies and daily lives. In light of this, it is understandable that that public kindergarten in the news would limit enrolment conditions in order to reduce student numbers.

However, overcrowding cannot justify unfairness in education! Public kindergartens cannot place whatever conditions on enrolment they please simply because enrolment numbers are too high, even taking into account parents’ status and position. This is not something public kindergartens should be doing. These kinds of actions blatantly deprive some people of their right to education, profaning and trampling on education laws and regulations.

Friedrich Frobel, the founder of modern preschool education and “father of early childhood education”, actively publicised and advocated the development of early childhood education, calling on the whole of society to value preschool education. Chen Heqin, the pioneer of modern preschool education theory and practice in China, devoted his life to a type of childhood education suitable for China. “Living education theory” had a great impact on China’s modern early childhood education. However, take a look at attitudes towards early childhood education in today’s society. It seems that kindergartens, when recruiting children, have forgotten what their mission as educators should be. As for parents, they do not spare a thought for their children’s healthy mental and physical growth, blindly sending them to public kindergartens without considering their children’s particular needs and ability to cope.

In fact, the root cause for the absurd phenomenon of some public kindergartens only accepting the children of officials lies in the present unequal distribution and allocation of educational resources. In order to resolve this phenomenon, the country, society, schools and parents must all constantly strive towards education suited to the children. To put it another way, if in all matters consideration was given to children’s mental and physical development, would it be so difficult and expensive to get into kindergarten!?

Julien Leyre website

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Übersetzung James Legge

When Yan Yuan died, the disciples wished to give him a great funeral, and the Master said, "You may not do so." The disciples did bury him in great style. The Master said, "Hui behaved towards me as his father. I have not been able to treat him as my son. The fault is not mine; it belongs to you, O disciples."

Übersetzung Richard Wilhelm

Wer das Leben hochhält, weiß nichts vom Leben;

darum hat er Leben.

Wer das Leben nicht hochhält,

sucht das Leben nicht zu verlieren;

darum hat er kein Leben.

Wer das Leben hochhält,

handelt nicht und hat keine Absichten.

Wer das Leben nicht hochhält,

handelt und hat Absichten.

Wer die Liebe hochhält, handelt, aber hat keine Absichten.

Wer die Gerechtigkeit hochhält, handelt und hat Absichten.

Wer die Sitte hochhält, handelt,

und wenn ihm jemand nicht erwidert,

so fuchtelt er mit den Armen und holt ihn heran.

Darum: Ist der Sinn verloren, dann das Leben.

Ist das Leben verloren, dann die Liebe.

Ist die Liebe verloren, dann die Gerechtigkeit.

Ist die Gerechtigkeit verloren, dann die Sitte.

Die Sitte ist Treu und Glaubens Dürftigkeit

und der Verwirrung Anfang.

Vorherwissen ist des SINNES Schein

und der Torheit Beginn.

Darum bleibt der rechte Mann beim Völligen

und nicht beim Dürftigen.

Er wohnt im Sein und nicht im Schein.

Er tut das andere ab und hält sich an dieses.

Übersetzung wikisource

Those with great Virtue are not bound by virtues,

Thus can be with Virtue;

Those without Virtue fail to liberate themselves of virtues,

Thus remain without Virtue.

Those with great Virtue act not and take no credit in their actions,

Those without Virtue act and demand respect in their actions.

The humane acts charitably and holds no repute.

The righteous acts in the name of justice and relishes the glory.

The moral acts, and when there is no response,

Forces the issue, alas to no avail.

Therefore, when the Dao is lost there is Virtue,

When Virtue is lost there is humanity,

When humanity is lost there is righteousness,

When righteousness is lost there is morality.

When the rituals of morality become customary,

Devotion and faith become skin deep and turmoil begins to stir;

When priority is given to the scholars,

The Dao becomes glorified and are used to fool the crowd.

Hence the master is concerned with depth,

Not with sheerness;

Dwells on integrity, not on glory.

Therefore, detach from exteriors and embrace interiors.