< Vokabeltexte Chinesisch < Vokabellektionen

Zeichen

ZeichenPinyinÜbersetzung
fu4(traditionelle Schreibweise von 妇), Frau, Ehefrau
shun4(traditionelle Schreibweise von 顺), befolgen, entlang zu bilden, folgen, ordnen, angemessen, vorteilhaft
hang1Ramme
qiao4Schneckengehäuse, Nabenteil
jie2abstellen, abschneiden

Zusammengesetzte Wörter

Es handelt sich hauptsächlich um Wörter, die in den folgenden Texten vorkommen.

ZeichenPinyinÜbersetzung
三綱
san1 gang1(traditionelle Schreibweise von 三纲), die Drei Verbindlichkeiten (Schlüsselbegriff des Konfuzianismus)
父子
fu4 zi3Vater und Sohn
夫婦
fu1 fu4(traditionelle Schreibweise von 夫妇), Eheleute, Ehepaar
龙山
long2 shan1Longshan (Ort in Hunan)
龙山文化
long2 shan1 wen2 hua4Longshan-Kultur
紧接
jin3 jie1im Anschluss daran
接着
jie1 zhe5etw. weiterführen, betreiben, etw.auffangen, fangen, nachfolgend, folgend, anschließend, weiter, danach, nun
紧接着
jin3 jie1 zhe5danach, anschließend, gleich darauf
更为
geng4 wei2noch, noch mehr, um so mehr (entspricht 更加)
广大
guang3 da4umfangreich, in großem Ausmaß, weit und breit, großräumig, sich weit erstreckend, ausgedehnt
内容
nei4 rong2Inhalt
稳定
wen3 ding4Stabilisierung, Stabilität, Standhaftigkeit, festigen, stabilisieren, fixieren, dauerhaft, stabil, standfest, fest, geordnet
导致
dao3 zhi4zu etw. führen
人口
ren2 kou3Bevölkerung, Zahl der Familienangehörigen
增加
zeng1 jia1vermehren, vergrößern; Zunahme, Zuwachs
人口增加
ren2 kou3 zeng1 jia1Bevölkerungszunahme
于是
yu2 shi4demzufolge, daraufhin, dann, mithin, folglich
一方
yi1 fang1eine Partei, Seite
一方面
yi1 fang1 mian4einerseits, erstens
形成
xing2 cheng2bilden, herausbilden, Gestalt annehmen
扩散
kuo4 san4Diffusion
扩散到
kuo4 san4 dao4hineindiffundieren
未有
wei4 you3nie gehabt haben, da war nie
前所未有
qian2 suo3 wei4 you3präzedenzlos, beispiellos, noch nie dagewesen
另一方面
ling4 yi1 fang1 mian4andererseits, demgegenüber
因为
yin1 wei5weil
有限
you3 xian4begrenzbar, begrenzt, endlich
居民
ju1 min2Einwohner, Bewohner, der Mann auf der Straße, Bevölkerung
不得
bu4 de2nicht dürfen
不得不
bu4 de2 bu4gezwungen sein etwas zu tun, darauf angewiesen sein
持久
chi2 jiu3lange anhalten, lange andauern
各地
ge4 di4verschiedene Orte, Plätze (wörtlich: alle Orte, Plätze), überall
因而
yin1 er2demzufolge, mithin, anschließend
地方
di4 fang5Teil,Teil,Platz, Raum, Stelle, Ort, Platz, Stelle, lokal, regional
地方性
di4 fang1 xing4örtliche Besonderheiten, Lokalcharakter, Region, hiesig, regional
山东
shan1 dong1Shandong (Provinz in China)
其中
qi2 zhong1darunter, darin, dabei, davon
直系
zhi2 xi4unmittelbar
后裔
hou4 yi4Nachfahre, Nachkomme, Spross
所谓
suo3 wei4so genannt, angeblich, sogenannt
沿着
yan2 zhe5längs, entlang
下游
xia4 you2flussabwärts, Downstream
中下游
zhong1 xia4 you2Mittel- und Unterlauf eines Flusses
转变
zhuan3 bian4übergangs, Bekehrung, Fließen, Floss, Kurswechsel, Rückentwicklung, Richtungsänderung, Transformation, Transition, Umbruch, Umrechnung, Umschichtung, Umsetzung, fließen, umrechnen, wandeln, wenden, sich ändern
交界地
jiao1 jie4 de5angrenzende
与此
yu3 ci3damit
改变
gai3 bian4ändern, transformieren, verändern, modifizieren
农产
nong2 chan3Agrarprodukt
产品
chan3 pin3Erzeugnis, Produkt, Fabrikat
农产品
nong2 chan3 pin3landwirtschafte Produkte, Agrarprodukte
收获
shou1 huo4Ernte, Ertrag, Ergebnis
收获量
shou1 huo4 liang2Ernteertrag
大多
da4 duo1meist
木工
mu4 gong1Holzarbeit, Tischlerei, Tischlerhandwerk, Zimmerhandwerk, Holzbearbeitung, Schreiner, Tischler, Zimmermann
不再
bu4 zai4nicht länger
整治
zheng3 zhi4regulieren
大为
dai4 wei2sehr
夯土
hang1 tu3Stampflehm
围墙
wei2 qiang2Flurbereinigung, Anlage ( im Brief ), Palisade, Schutzwand um ein Gebiet, Gebäude, Ummauerung, Umzäunung
自卫
zi4 wei4zur Wehr setzen, Selbstverteidigung, Notwehr
战争
zhan4 zheng1Krieg
伤残
shang1 can2Invalidität, gehbehindert
骸骨
hai2 gu3Skelett, Gebein
牺牲
xi1 sheng1aufopfern, Opfer
牺牲者
xi1 sheng1 zhe3Märtyrer, Schlachtopfer
信仰
xin4 yang3Glaube; Bsp.: 信仰危機 信仰危机 -- Glaubenskrise
宗教信仰
zong1 jiao4 xin4 yang3Religion
特殊
te4 shu1besonders, eigenartig/ te2 shu2: außergewöhnlich, Einzelheit, absonderlich, außerordentlich, besonderes ..., spezifisch
足够
zu2 gou4ausreichend, genügend, hinreichend, reichlich
一发
yi1 fa1und noch mehr, sogar mehr, zusammen
方向
fang1 xiang5Richtung, Orientierung
不是
bu4 shi4nein, falsch, schuldig sein
为了
wei4 le5um...willen, wegen, für, damit, um zu
日常
ri4 chang2täglich
生活
sheng1 huo2Alltag, leben
日常生活
ri4 chang2 sheng1 huo2Alltagsleben, Alltag,tägliches Leben
特制
te4 zhi4besonders, besonderer
用具
yong4 ju4Gebrauchsutensilien, Gerät, Utensilie
教仪
jiao4 yi2Verordnung
宗教仪式
zong1 jiao4 yi2 shi4Ritual
祖先
zu3 xian1Ahn, Ahnen, Ahnherr, Erzeuger, Erzeugerin, Urahn, Vorfahr, Vorgänger, angestammt
崇拜
chong2 bai4anbeten, vergöttern
祖先崇拜
zu3 xian1 chong2 bai4Ahnenkult(Philos), Ahnenverehrung
制度
zhi4 du4Gesellschaftssystem, Ordnung, Regeln, System, Grundregeln
制度化
zhi4 du4 hua4Institutionalisieren
社群
she4 qun2Gemeinschaft
地位
di4 wei4(traditionelle Schreibweise von 反映), widerspiegeln, reflektieren
职业
zhi2 ye4Beruf, Job, Arbeit
分工
fen1 gong1Arbeitsteilung
造成
zao4 cheng2anlegen, schaffen, hervorbringen, erzeugen, bracht, gebracht, Fabrikat, abfärben, bewerkstelligen, zeitigen, bewirken, verursachen, bringen, erzeugen, verursachen, bewirkt, verursacht
日趋
ri4 qu1allmählich, Tag für Tag
日益
ri4 yi4mehr und mehr, sich vergrößernd, von Tag zu Tag mehr
持久性
chi2 jiu3 xing4Standhaftigkeit
因此
yin1 ci3daher, aus diesem Grund
足以
zu2 yi3ausreichend
表现
biao3 xian4zeigen, ausdrücken
然而
ran2 er2aber, allerdings, dennoch, doch, jedoch
密度
mi4 du4Dichte (eine physikalische Größe)
密度比
mi4 du4 bi3Dichteverhältnis
接触
jie1 chu4Berührung, Kontakt, berühren, in Kontakt kommen
难免
nan2 mian3unausweichlich, unvermeidlich
在所难免
zai4 suo3 nan2 mian3unvermeidlich
相互
xiang1 hu4einander, sich, gegenseitig, gemeinsam, reziprok, untereinander, wechselseitig
相互影响
xiang1 hu4 ying3 xiang3Wechselwirkung, interagieren
是以
shi4 yi3mithin
特色
te4 se4besonderen Charakter, Besonderheit, Eigenheit, Kennzeichen, Prägnanz
大同
da4 tong2Datong (Stadt in der Provinz Shanxi)
可见
ke3 jian4daraus ist ersichtlich, dass
文化差异
wen2 hua4 cha1 yi4kultureller Unterschied
难以
nan2 yi3schwer, kaum
找到
zhao3 dao4aufspüren, finden, lokalisieren, ausfindig
截然
jie2 ran2komplett, vollständig, scharf
分界
fen4 jie4Trennung, Grenze
界线
jie4 xian4begrenzt, begrenzt, umgrenzt, Grenzlinie
中龙
zhong1 long2Mesosaurus
放射
fang4 she4emittieren
之外
zhi1 wai4außerhalb, draußen, ausschließend

Sätze und Ausdrücke

ZeichenPinyinÜbersetzung
斩钉截铁
zhan3 ding1 jie2 tie3(Wiktionary en)
截然不同
jie2 ran2 bu4 tong2(Wiktionary en)
君臣失位,父子失處,夫婦失宜,民人呻吟,其以為樂也,若之何哉?
jun1 chen2 shi1 wei4 , fu4 zi5 shi1 chu4 , fu2 婦 shi1 yi2 , min2 ren2 shen1 yin2 , qi2 yi3 wei2/wei4 le4/yue4 ye3 , ruo4 zhi1 he2 zai1 ?Fürst und Beamter nehmen nicht die richtigen Stellungen ein. Vater und Sohn finden nicht das richtige Verhältnis zueinander, und die Beziehungen zwischen Mann und Frau sind außer Ordnung geraten. Wenn nun das Volk seufzt und klagt, so hält man das für Musik. Wie verkehrt ist dieses Gebahren! (Lü Bu We Richard Wilhelm)
凡生之長也,順之也
fan2 sheng1 zhi1 chang2/zhang3 ye3 , shun4 zhi1 ye3Was das Leben lang macht, ist, daß man es vorwärts gehen läßt. (Lü Bu We Richard Wilhelm)
和樂以成順
he2/he4/huo2 le4/yue4 yi3 cheng2 shun4Durch die Harmonie der Musik bewirkt er Ordnung. (Lü Bu We Richard Wilhelm)
当头来到,截住去路
dang1/dang4 tou2 lai2 dao4 , jie2 zhu4 qu4 lu4When they arrived, they completely blocked the road. (Wikisource: Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義/第001回)
史密斯夫婦住在我家附近。
shi3 mi4 si1 fu2 婦 zhu4 zai4 wo3 jia1 附 jin4 。Die Schmidts wohnen in meinem Viertel. (Tatoeba Martha Dejo)
John和Jane是兩夫婦。
John he2/he4/huo2 Jane shi4 liang3 fu2 婦。John war mit Jane verheiratet. (Tatoeba nickyeow human600)
這老婦是誰?
zhe4/zhei4 lao3 婦 shi4 shei2 ?Who is that old woman? (Tatoeba nickyeow CK)
我是家庭主婦。
wo3 shi4 jia1 ting2 zhu3 婦。Ich bin Hausfrau. (Tatoeba Martha MUIRIEL)
我們是夫婦。
wo3 men5 shi4 fu2 婦。Wir sind verheiratet. (Tatoeba nickyeow Ole)
芸於吾家書中附寄小函,吾父曰:「媳婦既能筆墨,汝母家信付彼司之。」
yun2 yu2 wu2 jia1 shu1 zhong1/zhong4 附 ji4 xiao3 han2 , wu2 fu4 yue1 :「 xi2 婦 ji4 neng2 bi3 mo4 , ru3 mu3 jia1 xin4 fu4 bi3 si1 zhi1 。」Yun would enclose little notes in letters from home. My father said “Since your wife is capable with brush and ink, she can write your mother's letters from home for her.” (Tatoeba eastasiastudent)
那個婦女在看書。
na4/nei4 ge4 婦 nü3/ru3 zai4 kan4 shu1 。Die Frau liest gerade. (Tatoeba xjjAstrus al_ex_an_der)
一個球正順流而下。
yi1 ge4 qiu2 zheng4 shun4 liu2 er2 xia4 。Ein Ball treibt den Fluss hinunter. (Tatoeba Martha Tamy)
順子是一個漂亮的女孩。
shun4 zi5 shi4 yi1 ge4 piao1/piao3 liang4 de5 nü3/ru3 hai2 。Junko ist ein hübsches Mädchen. (Tatoeba Martha Esperantostern)
你今天下午去圖書館的話,可以順道替我還兩本書嗎?
ni3 jin1 tian1 xia4 wu3 qu4 tu2 shu1 guan3 de5 hua4 , ke3/ke4 yi3 shun4 dao4 ti4 wo3 hai2/huan2 liang3 ben3 shu1 ma5 ?Wenn du heute nachmittag in die Bibliothek gehst, würdest du dann bitte zwei Bücher von mir zurückgeben? (Tatoeba nickyeow Manfredo)
順著你的感覺走吧!
shun4 zhao1/zhu4/zhuo2 ni3 de5 gan3 jiao4/jue2 zou3 ba5 !Folge einfach deinem Herzen. (Tatoeba Rebeca MUIRIEL)
他好像做甚麼事也順順利利的。
ta1 hao3 xiang4 zuo4 shen4 me5 shi4 ye3 shun4 shun4 li4 li4 de5 。Everything seems to go right with him. (Tatoeba nickyeow CM)
你回家途中順道來看看我吧。
ni3 hui2 jia1 tu2 zhong1/zhong4 shun4 dao4 lai2 kan4 kan4 wo3 ba5 。Bitte komm auf dem Nachhauseweg bei mir vorbei. (Tatoeba nickyeow Manfredo)
他順道去了這家書店。
ta1 shun4 dao4 qu4 le5 zhe4/zhei4 jia1 shu1 dian4 。He dropped in at the bookstore. (Tatoeba Martha CK)
那个人那么小气,连谷壳都不让老鼠吃。
na4/nei4 ge4 ren2 na4/nei4 me5 xiao3 qi4 , lian2 gu3 qiao4 dou1/du1 bu4 rang4 lao3 shu3 chi1 。That person's so stingy that he won't even let the mouse have the chaff. (Tatoeba FeuDRenais)
旧约书中禁止食用贝类等有壳的水生动物。
jiu4 yue1 shu1 zhong1/zhong4 jin1/jin4 zhi3 shi2 yong4 bei4 lei4 deng3 you3 qiao4 de5 shui3 sheng1 dong4 wu4 。Das Alte Testament verbietet es, Muscheln zu essen. (Tatoeba pig8322 Pfirsichbaeumchen)
她在海边卖贝壳。
ta1 zai4 hai3 bian1 mai4 bei4 qiao4 。Sie verkauft Meeresmuscheln am Meeresstrand. (Tatoeba serendipity42 Manfredo)
蛋壳容易破碎。
dan4 qiao4 rong2 yi4 po4 sui4 。Eierschalen sind leicht zerbrechlich. (Tatoeba fucongcong xtofu80)
截止日期过后,她交了她的报告。
jie2 zhi3 ri4 ji1/qi1 guo4 hou4 , ta1 jiao1 le5 ta1 de5 bao4 gao4 。Sie gab ihr Referat ab, nachdem der Abgabetermin abgelaufen war. (Tatoeba fucongcong xtofu80)
交作业的截止日期是下周一。
jiao1 zuo4 ye4 de5 jie2 zhi3 ri4 ji1/qi1 shi4 xia4 zhou1 yi1 。Der Abgabetermin für die Hausaufgabe ist nächste Woche Montag. (Tatoeba fucongcong xtofu80)
截至二零零六年底,中国农村网民数为两千三百一十万人,这说明在六个月内共有一千四百三十万农民成为新的网民。
jie2 zhi4 er4 ling2 ling2 liu4 nian2 di3 , zhong1/zhong4 guo2 nong2 cun1 wang3 min2 shu3/shuo4 wei2/wei4 liang3 qian1 san1 bai3 yi1 shi2 wan4 ren2 , zhe4/zhei4 shuo1 ming2 zai4 liu4 ge4 yue4 nei4 gong4 you3 yi1 qian1 si4 bai3 san1 shi2 wan4 nong2 min2 cheng2 wei2/wei4 xin1 de5 wang3 min2 。By the end of 2006, the number of rural netizens in China was twenty three million one hundred thousand, showing that in six months a total of fourteen million, three hundred thousand rural Chinese got online. (Tatoeba eastasiastudent)
对方球员在禁区内组成一道防线,试图阻截梅西的射门。
dui4 fang1 qiu2 yuan2 zai4 jin1/jin4 qu1 nei4 zu3 cheng2 yi1 dao4 防 xian4 , shi4 tu2 zu3 jie2 mei2 xi1 de5 she4 men2 。Die gegnerischen Spieler bildeten im Strafraum eine Verteidigungslinie und versuchten, Messi davon abzuhalten, aufs Tor zu schießen. (Tatoeba trieuho AC)
法国队守门员扑到地上截住了罗纳尔多的射门。
fa3 guo2 dui4 shou3 men2 yuan2 pu1 dao4 de4/di4 shang4 jie2 zhu4 le5 luo1 na4 er3 duo1 de5 she4 men2 。The goalkeeper for France dived to the ground and saved Ronaldo’s shot. (Tatoeba trieuho)
截至二零零七年六月底,中国农村网民人数达三千七百四十一万人,占农村总人口约百分之五点一。
jie2 zhi4 er4 ling2 ling2 qi1 nian2 liu4 yue4 di3 , zhong1/zhong4 guo2 nong2 cun1 wang3 min2 ren2 shu3/shuo4 da2 san1 qian1 qi1 bai3 si4 shi2 yi1 wan4 ren2 , zhan4 nong2 cun1 zong3 ren2 kou3 yue1 bai3 fen1 zhi1 wu3 dian3 yi1 。By the end of June 2006, the number of netizens in rural China had reached three million, seven hundred and forty one thousand, making up 5.1% of the total rural population. (Tatoeba eastasiastudent)

Lückentexte

Wikijunior: 太阳系/水星 Sonnensystem/Merkur

Wikijunior: 太阳系/水星 Sonnensystem/Merkur Übersetzung Christian Bauer
它 的 名字 是 怎么来的?Woher kommt sein Name?
中文 名称Chinesischer Name
西汉 时期,Zur Zeit der westlichen Han
天文学家 司马迁 把 五 大 行星 与 春秋 战国 以来的 “五行”学说 联系 在 一起,Der Astronom Si Ma Qian (145-86) nahm die 5 großen Planeten und verband sie mit der 5-Elemente-Lehre der Periode der Frühlings und Herbstannalen (770-476) und der Streitenden Reiche (475-221).
正式 把 五 大 行星 命名 为 “金星”、“木星”、“水星”、“火星”、“土星”。Die 5 großen Planten nannte man somit Goldplanet (Venus), Holzplanet (Jupiter), Wasserplanet (Merkur), Feuerplanet (Mars) und Erdeplanet (Saturn).
五行 配 五色,Die 5 Elemente werden assoziiert mit zu den 5 Farben
木 为 青,Holz entspricht naturfarben (blau/grün)
火 为 赤,Feuer entspricht rot
土 为 黄,Erde entspricht gelb
金 为 白Gold entspricht weiß
水 为 黑。Wasser entspricht schwarz.
司马迁 从 实际 观测 发现,Si Ma Qian fand aus vorgenommenen Beobachtungen heraus:
这些 在 《史记‧天官书》 中 有 明确 反映,Diese sind im Shi Ji, den Aufzeichnungen der Historiker im Buch des Himmelspalastes, klar beschrieben.
可见 司马迁 对 五 大 行星 的 命名 也 是 从 事实 出发,Wir können Si Ma Qian als Namensgeber der 5 großen Planeten ansehen, sie stammen aber auch von Tatsachen her.
原本 不 含 任何 神话 观念,Ursprünglich gab es noch keine Mythen über sie.
这 与 古 希腊 人 依据 神话 中 的 Götter-人物 命名 形成 鲜明 对比,Dies bildet einen klaren Kontrast zu den bei den alten Griechen bestehenden Mythen, bei denen sie nach Götterwesen benannt sind.
再一次 反映 出 中国 天文 观念 的 重 实用 黜 Phantasie 精神。Sie spiegeln einen - hier aus dem Konzepten der chinesischen Astronomie stammenden -- faktenbasierten, phantasieablehnenden Geist wieder
西方 名称Westlicher Name
在 西方 国家,In westlichen Staaten
水星 的 名称 叫 “墨丘利”。ist der Name des Planeten Merkur.
这个 名字 来自于 神话,Dieser Name kommt aus der Mythologie.
或 许来 自 拉丁文 Mercator,Möglicherweise kommt er vom lateinischen Mercator,
意谓 “商人” 。das heißt Kaufmann.
墨丘利 在 一个 星期 中,有 它 自己 的 位子:Merkur hat innerhalb einer Woche seinen eigenen Platz
“奥丁 的 日子”(古 英文:Woden's daeg),Odins Tag (altenglisch Woden's daeg [Wotanstag])
那 天 就 是 星期三。Dieser Tag wurde zum Mittwoch.
在 罗马人 的 神话 中,In der römischen Mythologie
墨丘利 是 神 的 报信者,Merkur ist der Götterbote.
神 允许 他 很 快 地 在 全 世界 旅行。Die Götter erlauben ihm sehr schnell in der ganzen Welt zu reisen
因为 它 的 公转 速度 比 任何 其他 行星 都快,Weil seine Umdrehungsgeschwindigkeit im Vergleich mit allen anderen Planeten die schnellste ist,
所以 它 叫 墨丘利,heißt er Merkur.
速度 将近 50 公里 每 秒!Seine Geschwindigkeit beträgt fast 50 km pro Sekunde!

the marco polo project: Walmart 故事(三)艾滋病大盗及偷鸡腿的小伙

那对艾滋病夫妻其实也蛮可怜的,得了艾滋病以后被社会歧视,找不到工作,没有人和他们交往。我相信如果社会能给他们一定的照顾,让他们有自食其力,人们不要歧视孤立他们,让他们不至于活不下去,活的卑贱,他们是不会这样报复社会的。陈水总,冀中星都如是。

第一次打交道是我在商场巡视的时候,同事曾志勇 lag 在一 ZEW 商品后面招呼我,我过去后他从商品的 Spalte 后指着一个女人 flüsternd 说,那就是艾滋病了,你 beobachte 他。我看过去只见一位浑身黑衣的女士正提着一个 Korb 选商品,瘦瘦小小,模样还算端正。我再回头一看志勇已经无影无踪,我是见习身份,要尽量服从老员工的安排。于是我尾随在那个女人后面,观察她的行为。

跟踪一个人是很累的,你得时刻注意掩藏自己不让对方发现,一般如果对方两次以上注意到你就会引起警觉,对方就可能抛弃证物逃走。而这个女士和她丈夫的事迹我早有听闻,他们是真正的滚刀肉。以前便衣抓过他们,但明白他们的身份以后根本无法处理,报警警察根本不管,最多 stillhalten und das Problem zu umschiffen。谁也不敢靠近他们,这两个是真正的危险人物。得艾滋病并不危险,危险的是他们同时又十分凶狠,这就像两个背着炸药包的准 Terrorist。你一旦和他们发生 körperlicher 冲突即使是简单的 drücken 也会给你带来巨大的麻烦,你的同事会对你心生恐惧,和你保持距离。商场其他员工也会害怕你。公司领导可能会要求你去验血,你可能至少要休假一段时间,总之 provozieren 一身骚是毫无疑问的。

我知道这些事,也知道我即使抓住她窃取商品领导也不会管,根本没有办法。你做一件明知没有结果的事情就会丧失意义感,觉得很无聊。我躲躲藏藏的跟了她一会,干脆走到她身边大摇大摆的跟着她,她看我我对她微笑示意。我的意思是让她知难而退,就此罢手。谁知道她照样在里面转来转去,我就像一个大尾巴吊在她后面。她老人家如此安详从容,还不时扭过头来跟我聊上两句。我还得小心不要让她在拐弯时脱离了我的视线,趁机下手。看人家这贼当的,这水平,这心理素质,这从容。

这时志勇跑过来跟我说不用跟了,领导批示随她去吧,你回去休息。于是我回办公室室休息去了,而那天wb也没有当班。我总觉得这样放任她去偷不合适,但既然老员工发话了我也没必要 wringen 干。结果中午的时候在监控的死角发现了几个商品的空包装,几样家用小电器,价值数百元。正是那个女人当时购物框里放置的商品,看作案现场推断她在服装区的死角 ging in die Hocke,用前面的衣服架子挡住别人的视线拆掉包装破坏磁条然后将商品放在包里面从容自出口离开商场。

看着作案现场我对志勇说就这么让她走了,志勇脸色一变说你不也有责任吗。我操,我能有什么责任?师傅上班以后我把这件事告诉了师傅,因为我觉得这事当时不应当这样处理听之任之。结果第二天志勇看我的神色很不友好,他甚至 drängte 我去抓当事人。但我知道我在试用期里还没有得到公司正式授权,师傅数次严正警告我不许拦截当事人,一旦出事不但我可能走人连他也要受牵连。当时我就感觉志勇在害我。

上文写的那女士给我的感觉不是个坏人,我的意思是她不是那种心地偏狭恶毒的人。听别人说在安检门如果被查出携带未付款商品,她放下东西也就低头走了,好像还有点顾及颜面的意思。但她老公就不一样,如果安检门报警她老公必定拒绝查包,和安检旁的工作人员发生冲突,互相 rangelten sie。而安检门旁的当值人员多半不知道他的身份才会去拦他,好像除了我们别人也不知道他的真实面目。

那个男的好像姓杨,一脸 Schwellung。他老婆长相相对比较 hübsch。这两个人穿衣打扮,长相气质给人感觉都是一般的市民。我猜测他们原先都有稳定的收入,家庭也蛮和睦。结果男的不知道从哪里乱搞中奖,并且传染给了他老婆。于是丢掉工作,被人歧视孤立,别人见了他们就像见了鬼一样避之不及,失去生活来源。于是他们变成了抢钱夫妻,我记得看过一部金凯瑞主演的电影《抢钱夫妻》,说的是一对青年夫妻破产以后为维持生活街头抢劫的故事。现实中这对夫妻肯定更惨的多,在我们这个社会他们不知经受怎样一个心理变异的过程,肯定相当残酷。这两个人面容深处都埋藏着一种阴暗悲伤的气息,区别是女的透出一股绝望,男的表情不经意间更流露出一丝凶狠。

他们和我们这里的便衣都有过冲突,如今的现状是便衣看到他们就跑。然后躲起来观察他们,只要不是太过分也就听之任之。他们一般也就拿个日常用品 (..)的,只是那个男的会在商场 bestehlen 顾客,他们一来商场有时就会播报蓝色代码:“顾客请放置好自己的钱包,工作人员请各归各位”。那个男的(我们姑且称他为老杨吧)就有丰富的反跟踪经验。经常走过拐角处猛然回头,跟踪他们的便衣有时骤不及防 entkommen 不及被发现。这时老杨就会转身径直朝便衣走过去,便衣胆战心惊猪突狼奔。

我第一次见到那个男的是他们夫妻一起来的,师傅通知的我。志勇我们三个人当值,他们俩跟踪的时候被发现,老杨追着他们满商场乱窜,这中间跟来跟去过程足有一个多小时。我从二楼到三楼时正好撞见师傅,师傅说他妈的老杨当起便衣了跟踪我们,你是新面孔他不认得你你跟跟看,师傅撤退了我到三楼 suchen 那二位发现他们正在出口安检门和当值人员 kämpften 在一起,原来窃取的商品磁条未破坏彻底引发了警报。被拦截后他们拒绝开包检查,老杨十分蛮横不住 drückte 身材矮小的当值大姐。我静静的走过去一言不发的看着他们,杨氏扭头看到我低下头去随即转身往商场里走,我估计她要转移 Diebesgut 于是跟在她后面。她走到电器区一 ZEW 商品后伸手拿出一件东西放在箱子上,那意思好像说商品还你不要再找我麻烦了。我拿起那个商品跟在她后面慢慢往外走,那个男的 aggresiv 的冲进来刚想发作看到了我手里的商品 starrte stumpf vor sich hin 一下 blickte zu 他老婆一眼随即恶狠狠的冲我 anstarren 过来,目光相接我平静的看着他的双眼。一秒钟后老杨夫妻转身快步往外走去。我跟着他们走到安检门口便停下脚步。当值的大姐质问我为何不拦住他们,我说那俩是艾滋病。大姐 machte erschrocken 一大跳。生气道像这种事情你为什么不通知我们,我哑口无言只是 wiederholt warnte 她尽量不要到处乱说以免引发 Panik。其实那时候我还没有得到公司正式授权不允许拦截当事人,而且即使有授权我也不会拦呀。

回去办公室以后师傅听我讲完过程以后很高兴,主管们也用嘉勉的目光看着我。但是过了几天老杨就对我进行了报复。

那天我和师傅巡视商场,走到拐角处时老杨忽然 sprang 出来手里拿着什么东西朝我当面砍过来。我当时脑子里 explodiert 的一下两眼发黑,只有一个念头好像黑夜中的月亮挂在那里,:“他碰到我怎么办?他碰到我怎么办?”。这时鄙人灵魂出窍,真相显露,我露出了杀人脸。

关于杀人脸这回事是这样的,有几次我和人争执真的动怒时明显感到脸上肌肉强烈扭曲时的表情,这时对方总是不战而退,还有过一个人退却的时候问我你想吃人吗?我事后也曾经对着镜子努力回复当时极端愤怒的表情。只见镜中人下牙外 mit gebleckten Zähnen 盖住上牙,下-Lippe vorgeschoben, 上-Lippe 翻起,鼻子像狗那样 gerümpft。两只眼睛 zusammengekniffen,露出 Krokodil 那样的眼光。这脸既像恶狼又像恶鬼,确实挺 erschreckt 人,那真的是一副欲择人而食的样子。那是我准备完全摧毁对方时露出的表情,那是我遇到重大威胁时灵魂中的恶占据了整个身体。

我下意识用双臂护住头部,两眼死死 beobachteten 对方,老杨看到我的表情往后退了一步,笑着说: Hey, 怎么了跟你开个玩笑。当时我除了老杨别的什么也看不见,只是那么 beobachten 他。这时我师傅的话像一根针刺了进来:“不要被他激怒”。我像个漏气的皮球一下放松下来,我放下手臂对老杨笑了笑,然后转身和师傅一起离开了。

师傅和公司的教材都说过,做便衣需要极强的克制能力,不能超过必要的防卫限度。如果克制不住自己的怒火很容易做出后悔的事情,给自己和公司带来不好的后果。Walmart 的便衣打人不管事情真相怎样那绝对是 sensationell 的新闻,毕竟树大招风,再说 Walmart 不喜欢 Bestechungen,很多人很多部门都等着找 Walmart 的麻烦呢。

师傅和我往回走的时候和我保持着距离两眼放光 beobachten 我问他没有碰到你吧,一副如果我如果说有他转身就跑的样子。我摇摇头,老杨只是作势砍我,其实手里什么都没有,他也没有碰到我。他这样做一部分是试探,一部分是 bedrohlich。那是我如果被他激怒出手那真是后患无穷,老杨少不得要 erpresst Walmart,我也会 bekommen 麻烦。

师傅那么担心,只是他不知道我还和艾滋病人握过手呢。那是在台湾,一些团体做宣传由艾滋病人上台现身说法,宣传艾滋病只通过体液传播的知识,据说和艾滋病人接吻只要口-Höhle 没有伤口 oder Geschwüre 都没事,人需要喝一升 Spucke 才能被足够的病毒感染(我估计这个没人敢试)。那个艾滋当事人演讲完毕以后走下台来很多人都和他拥抱握手,他走到我面前时我也和他握了手。但他作势要和我拥抱的时候我微微摇头,我摇头不是因为怕他。是因为我只和我的朋友或者亲密的人拥抱,而我不喜欢他。因为他在台上讲了一句:“我只是和许多人一样在大陆这个花花世界放纵了一下,为什么偏偏是我?”我觉得他毕竟不是做了什么光彩的事情还这么理直气壮的说出来,我不喜欢。

老杨夫妇和我们便衣部打过很多交道了,老邓还在办公室和他谈过心,没用,老杨照来不误。到最后上面真的放话说不要管了,听之任之了。老杨搞得我们便衣和 Walmart 都很头疼,毫无办法。我们不能打他,也不能抓他。Walmart 是有道德底线的,也不能找个黑社会来灭了他,有时我真想守在暗处拿麻袋一套用钢筋打得他筋断骨折,当然这只是被气急了一时的恶念而已。可是我们管不了,警察总该管的吧。警察也不管,老杨持刀抢劫被通缉他自己去自首结果一天就被放出来了。该管的不管,我们遭殃,和这个社会许多的事一样。

不知怎的写到这里我总是想起来台湾那个病人演讲的情景。他演讲完毕走下台全场热烈鼓掌,许多人上前和他握手,拥抱。也许这就是大陆人和台湾人最大的不同罢。

除了杨氏夫妇,还有另外两个窃取商品的当事人给我留下的印象比较深刻。实际上我跟师傅在一起抓到的当事人也没几个,这个店很奇怪,师傅这个在别的店 großartig 的高手在这个店很少有斩获。师傅正是被调过来增援这个店的,因为这个店的损耗率(指的是商品被窃后作案人丢弃在商场的空包装)很高,而 ergriffen 的当事人很少。不光是师傅,调过来增援的高手已经无数,但谁也解决不了这个店的问题。最后倒是我发现了问题的 Kern 所在,但这个问题很致命,你要耐心看完这篇文章才知道。

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Ah Gang


Übersetzung

Wal Mart story 3: thief with AIDS and the guy who stole chicken legs

The husband and wife with aids were incredibly hard done by. After contracting AIDs they were discriminated against by society, couldn’t find work and no one had any association with them. I believe that if society looked after them, let them stand on their own feet, didn’t discriminate them and isolate them, didn’t make it impossible for them to earn their own living and didn’t make their lives pitiful, then they wouldn’t retaliate. Chen Shuizong and Ji Zhongxing are similar cases.

The first time I came into contact with them was when I was making a routine inspection of the shopping mall. My colleague, Zeng Zhiyong, who was lying low behind a pile of goods called out to me. After I went over, he pointed out a woman through a crack in the goods, whispering, “That’s the woman with AIDs. Watch her.” Looking over, all I could see was a woman dressed all in black carrying a basket and picking goods. She was small and thin, and looked normal. I looked back and saw that Zhiyong had disappeared without a trace. As I was still in my probationary period, I had to as much as possible obey arrangements made by senior staff members. Thereupon I tailed behind the woman, observing her behavior.

Following somebody is tiring. You have to constantly pay attention to keeping yourself concealed so the other person doesn’t become aware of you. Generally if the person notices you twice or more you will arouse their suspicions, which might make them abandon everything and flee. I long ago had heard about the past deeds of this woman and her husband. They were indeed troublemakers. They had been caught by plain clothed store detectives before, but after it as was understood who they were there was simply no means of dealing with them. The police basically didn’t care, the most they did was to smooth things over and dodge the issue. Nobody dared to approach these two genuinely dangerous characters. The fact that they has contracted AIDs wasn’t the danger, the danger was that they were also fierce and malicious, just like two prospective terrorists carrying explosives. As soon as you come to physical altercations with them, even simple shoving, it will bring you great deal of trouble. Your colleagues will fear you in their hearts, and keep you at a distance. Other workers in the mall will also be afraid of you. Company managers may request that you have a blood test and at the very least you will have to take some time off. In brief, there’s no doubt that it will cause you a big problem.

I know these things, and I also know that even if I caught her stealing things, the manager wouldn’t care. There’s simply nothing you can do. When you do something of which you are fully aware is meaningless, you lose your sense of purpose and feel senseless. I followed her secretly for a while, and then simply strolled over to her. She looked at me. I hinted a smile at her. My intention was to make her aware of the situation so she would back off and give up there. Who was to know that she would continue to rove around as before. I was just like a big tail dangling behind her. In the same manner as an elderly person, she was serene and took it easy. From time to time she would even turn her head and say a few words to me. I still had to be careful not to let her out of my line of sight when she turned a corner, so as not to give her an advantage. I observed this thief: her standards, her psychology, her calmness.

At that moment, Zhiyong hurried over and told me that I don’t need to follow her anymore. The manager said to leave her be, and that I should take a rest. Thereupon I went back to the rest room in the office. The World Bank also didn’t work that day. Overall I thought letting her go like this and giving her free reign to steal was inappropriate. However, since the order came from above, it wasn’t necessary for me to pursue it further. Come midday, this resulted in the discovery of the empty packaging of some household electrical appliances, worth a few hundred Renminbi, in an area not covered by security cameras. The woman had gone to a part of the clothing area that had no cameras. From the crime scene, it could be deduced that she had crouched down and used the clothes rack in front of her to block the view of others, while she tore open the packaging of the goods in her basket and destroyed their magnetic strips. Then she put the goods into her bag and calmly left the mall from the normal exit.

Looking at the crime scene, I said to Zhiyong that it was all because we let her go. The look on his face changed, and he said that I wasn’t responsible for it. Huh, what responsibility DO I have? After my mentor arrived, I told him about what had happened as I thought that we shouldn’t have dealt with it by turning a blind eye. Consequently, the next day Zhiyong looked at me in a slightly hostile way. He even urged me to seize any implicated persons. However, I knew that during my probationary period I wasn’t authorised to do so, as my mentor had sternly warned me that I must not intercept implicated persons. As soon as something happened not only would I probably be fired, even he would be affected. I felt that Zhiyong was causing me harm.

The impression the woman gave me was not one of a bad person. By this I mean to say that she wasn’t the kind of person who was prejudiced and malicious. I heard someone say before that if she gets caught at the security gate with goods that haven’t been paid for, she gives them up and walks away with her head bowed. It would seem that she still has some honour. Her husband, however, isn’t the same. If he sets off the alarm at the security gate he is sure to refuse a bag-check and start a violent conflict with the staff. The staff on duty by the security gate most likely don’t know who he is and so apprehend him. It would appear that apart from us no one else is aware of his true identity.

I think his surname is Yang, and he has a wart on his face. His wife’s appearance is relatively graceful in comparison. These two dress up, giving them an appearance that makes people think that they are ordinary citizens. I would guess they originally they had a stable income, with a harmonious family. Then the man slept around, and unaware that he had caught the virus infected his wife. Thereupon, they lost their jobs and were discriminated against by others, thus isolating them. When other people saw them they shunned them as if they had seen a ghost, causing them to lose their spirit. Then they became a couple of thieves. I remember seeing a Jim Carrey movie called “Fun with Dick and Jane”. It was about a young married couple who after they became bankrupt took to the streets and to make a living by looting people. In reality this couple were yet more pitiful. I don’t know what they endured in our society that changed their mentality, but it must have been quite cruel. Buried underneath the skin this couple was an air of deep sorrow. The difference was that the woman gave an impression of hopelessness, whereas the man’s facial expressions unconsciously exuded a hint of viciousness.

They had clashed with us plain clothed store detectives before. Nowadays however, if we saw them we would avoid them. Then we would secretly observe them. As long as they didn’t do anything too serious we would let matters drift. Generally, they would pick up everyday products, but the man would also pick-pocketed customers. Sometimes, as soon as they entered the shopping mall there would be a code blue announcement: “Could all customers please put their wallets in a safe place, and all staff return to their posts.” The man (we’ll temporarily call him Old Yang) had a lot of experience countering those tailing him. Often he would suddenly look back as he was turning a corner so that the store detective following him would be unable to move quickly enough to evade being discovered. Then Old Yang would turn to directly face the store detective and walk towards him, thus terrifying him and causing him to flee.

The first time I saw the man was at a time he came together with his wife, so my mentor tells me. There were three of us on duty including Zhiyong. Zhiyong and our colleague were following him but he spotted them. Old Yang then chased them, causing them to flee in disarray. The pursuit lasted more than an hour. On my way from the second to third floor, I happened to come across my mentor. He said that f*****g Old Zhang was playing tricks, pursuing the store detectives. Since I was a new face here he wouldn’t recognise me and so I should go and take a look. After he left I arrived at the third floor to search for that stupid guy, but discovered that they were in a scuffle with the staff on duty at the security gate. It turned out that they hadn’t destroy the magnetic tags of their stolen goods thoroughly enough, and so set the alarm off. After they were intercepted, they refused to have their bags inspected. Old Yang very rudely pushed back the petite female member of staff on duty. I quietly walked over to them, not saying a word. Ms.Yang turned her head and saw me with my head lowered. She then immediately turned around and went back into the shopping mall. I reckon she wanted to get rid of the stolen goods. I followed behind. She walked behind a pile of goods in the electrical goods area, took something out and put it on a box. By this I think she meant to indicate that she’s returned the item and so there’s no need to bother her anymore. I picked up the item and followed behind her, who was slowly making a move to the exit. Just as Old Yang was thinking of aggressively breaking away back into the store, he saw the item in my hand. He stared blankly for a moment, glanced at his wife, and then suddenly stared at me aggressively, his gaze meeting the serenity of mine. Within a second, the Yangs turned around and rushed towards the exit. I followed them but stopped at the security gate. The woman on duty asked me why I didn’t stop them. I told her that they had AIDs. This shocked her considerably. She angrily asked why I hadn’t told them about something as important as this. Unable to reply to this, I just repeatedly warned her to as much as possible not blurt this out everywhere so as to avoid a panic. Actually, at the time I didn’t have full authority from the company, so I wasn’t permitted to intercept implicated persons. But even if I had, I wouldn’t have done so.

Back at the office, after I had finished explaining what had happened, my mentor was very pleased. The others in charge also looked at me with encouragement. However, after a few days Old Yang took out his revenge on me.

I went on an inspection tour with my mentor in the mall that day, and as we were turning a corner, Old Yang suddenly jumped out with something in his hand, swinging it towards my face. While my mind raced and my vision dimmed, I only had one thought that seem to come from another world: “What if he makes contact? What if he makes contact? ” At that moment, I had an outer body experience. Everything became clear, and I showed a murderous face.

The thing about the murderous face is this: there have been a few times when I’ve gotten really angry in a dispute with a person, and I’ve felt the muscles in my face violently contorting. At this moment, the other person always gave up and backed off. There was even a time when someone asked me if I was going to devour him as he retreated. After these events I have looked earnestly in the mirror, trying to wipe the ferocious appearance from my face. The lower jaw of the guy in the mirror protrudes out in front of the upper, his lower lip pouting and his upper raised, his nose pursed like a dog’s. His eye’s are narrowed, his gaze resembling that of a crocodile’s. The face looks as if a vicious wolf’s and a demon’s have been combined. Indeed, it truly frightens people. It really has a blood-thirsty appearance. That is my facial expression when I’m about to completely destroy my opposition, that is the evil part of my spirit occupying my entire body when faced with a major threat.

I subconsciously used both arms to protect my head, my eyes rigidly glaring at him. After Old Yang saw the look on my face, he backed off, smiled and said what’s the matter, I was just kidding. At the time I couldn’t see anything else but him, I was only fixed on him. At that moment, my mentor’s words pierced through like a needle: “Don’t let him infuriate you.” Just like a ball leaking air, I relaxed in an instant. I put my arms down and smiled at Old Yang, and then turned and walked away with my mentor.

Both my mentor and the company have said before that to be a plain clothed store detective one must have a great ability to restrain oneself. One shouldn’t exceed the limits of self-defence. If one is unable to contain one’s rage, it’s very easy to do something you might regret, bringing unfavourable consequences to oneself and the company. If Walmart’s stores detectives are found to have hit people, no matter what the the actual facts are, it will be bound to make the news as it is a well known company that doesn’t like to bribe it’s way out. There are many people in the company who just wait for trouble to arrive.

When my mentor and I were making our way back, he maintained his distance from me. Gazing at me attentively he asked if Old Yang had made contact with me. He had a look that suggested he would have fled if I had said this to be true. I shook my head, OldYang had only pretended he would hit me. There wasn’t actually anything in his hands, and he didn’t come into contact with me. He was partly trying to sound things out and partly trying to be threatening. If he had angered me to the point of retaliation, it really would have caused me no end of trouble. Old Yang would without doubt have blackmailed Walmart, and I would have been caught up in trouble.

My mentor was really anxious, but he still didn’t know that I had shook hands before with a person who had AIDs. That was in Taiwan. Various groups were speaking on stage about their personal experience with AIDs, saying that it is only transmitted through bodily fluids. One guy reported that as long as you don’t have any wounds or ulcers in your mouth, nothing will happen if you kiss someone with AIDs. A person would have to drink a litre of saliva before there would be a sufficient amount of virus to infect them (I reckon there’s no one would would dare try this). After this guy finished his speech, he came off stage and hugged and shook hands with many people. I also shook hands with him when he walked by me. However, when made a gesture to hug, I gently shook my head. This wasn’t because I was afraid of him. It was because I only hug my friends or those I’m close to, and also because I didn’t really like him. This was due to what he said on stage: “I’m just like anyone else indulging in this sensual world of China, why am I the one discriminated against?” I thought that he hadn’t done anything splendid after all, and didn’t like the way he confidently spoke as if in the right.

The Yangs had come into contact with our store detective department many times before. Even when Old Deng had heart to heart conversations with Old Yang in the office it would be of no use. He would just continue as he did before. In the end the higher-ups said not to pursue things any further, taking a laissez-faire attitude. Old Yang really gave our department and the whole of Walmart a big headache, as there was nothing in the least we could do. We couldn’t use force and we couldn’t arrest him. Walmart has morality as it’s bottom line. It won’t turn to the criminal underworld as a means to get rid of him. Sometimes I think about keeping watch from a hidden place, putting a sack over him and beating him thoroughly with a steel bar. Of course, this is just an evil thought brought on by momentary rage. Since we are unable to deal with this, the police should. However, they don’t. When an arrest is ordered because Old Yang has been looting holding a knife, he goes and gives himself up. He is released after a day. Those that should handle things don’t. When we suffer a calamity, it’s just considered the same as most things which happen in society.

I’m not sure why, but writing up to here I’ve been constantly thinking about the speech of that guy with AIDs in Taiwan. After he had finished his speech, as he came off stage the entire audience was clapping. Many people went up to the front to shake hands and hug him. Perhaps this is the biggest difference between mainland China and Taiwan.

Apart from the Yangs, there was a couple of others implicated in stealing goods that gave me an even deeper lasting impression. Basically the amount of implicated persons I’ve arrested with my mentor numbers but few. This is a strange store, in others he is an all powerful master. Here he rarely has success. My mentor was transferred to this store to reinforce it, as this store’s loss rate (referring to the empty packaging of stolen goods discarded by criminals) is very high, yet very few implicated persons are captured. It’s not only my mentor, there have been countless others transferred here as reinforcement, but no one can solve this store’s problems. In the end it was actually me who discovered where the crux of the problem lay. However, this problem was deadly. Be patient, read to the end of this article and then you’ll know.

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Julien Leyre website

Drei-Zeichen-Klassiker-三字經

Text

三綱者,君臣義。父子親,夫婦順。


Herbert Giles

The Three Bonds are the obligation between sovereign and subject,

the love between father and child, the harmony between husband and wife.


中国史前文化

龙山文化
紧接着仰韶文化,在中原的晚期新石器文化是龙山文化,其分布更为广大,内容也更为丰富。
在仰韶文化时,由于农业的发展,食粮供应稳定了,导致人口增加。于是一方面有溢余的人口形成更多的聚落,把文化扩散到前所未有人居住的地区;另一方面,也因为可以居住的空间有限了,聚落居民不得不持久的定居在同一地点。各地的龙山文化因而有相当的地方性。中原的龙山文化,遂有河南龙山、陕西龙山、山东龙山之分,其中以河南龙山文化为仰韶文化的直系后裔。
所谓河南龙山文化,分布在今河南、晋南、冀南地区,主要沿着黄河中下游。仰韶文化转变到河南龙山文化的中间型态是豫晋陕交界地区的庙底沟二期,其碳十四断代是公元前2310加减95年(校正后:公元前2780加减145年)。而整个河南龙山文化的时代则是公元前2100~1810年(校正后:公元前2515~2155年)。陕西龙山文化的年代与此相当,也继承了庙底沟二期的新石器文化。
河南龙山文化在仰韶文化的基础上发展,而内容有了若干改变。农具中有了耒、镰与骨铲。农产品仍以粟稷为主,收获量则似乎大多了。木工的工具不再是砍伐用的斧斤,而更多整治削切之用的加工工具。陶器中轮制的成分大为增加。村落有夯土筑成的围墙以资自卫,村落与村落之间显然有了战争。有些伤残骸骨成堆的丢在坑穴中,大约也是战争的牺牲者。宗教信仰出现了,骨卜及特殊的葬仪都足够说明这一发展的方向。器壁薄而硬的蛋壳陶,当不是为了日常生活所用,这种特制的用具,大约也是为了宗教仪式而发展的。祖先崇拜大约也已制度化了。在同一社群内,社会地位及职业的分工,造成社会分化的现象,其现象也与社群的日趋复杂与日益组织化相关。聚落比较有持久性,当然也因此可有更明白的我群意识,各地方的文化具有个自的特点,也足以表现这种我群意识。然而聚落分布的密度比前增加,群与群间的接触与交流在所难免。邻近聚落间必有相互影响,是以邻区地方文化的特色往往大同小异,由东到西,或由南到北,可见的文化差异都呈现渐变的过程,而难以找到截然可见的地方文化分界线。从整体来说,中龙山文化的影响放射及于中原之外。

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