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the marco polo project: 公立幼儿园只招官二代让教育蒙羞

近两日，广大小朋友和中小学生都开学了。随着开学而来的，还有幼儿园费用的大幅上涨和陕西山阳县一公立幼儿园通知称，父母双方都必须在县直机关单位上班者才符合报名条件。虽然，主管部门就“公立幼儿园只招官二代”一事向网友道歉，但现实还是：这是一个“Familienhintergrund”的时代。（人民网　9月3日）

公立幼儿园只招官二代？不要以为这是谣言和炒作，这种只可能在封建社会发生的事情（精英教育、贵族教育）居然真实地发生在如今的社会里，着实令人大吃一惊 und schockierend。透过这一事件，结合目前我国的教育现状及问题，我们可以思考的有许多。

首先，“入园难、入园贵”为何发生？理论上来说，我国目前的幼儿园数量足以满足幼儿的教育需要，但是倘若将这些幼儿园细细划分为公立幼儿园和私立幼儿园的话，就足以解释当下一个非常奇怪的教育怪象了。那就是公立幼儿园由于设备完善、师资雄厚吸引了众多的家长，报名现场更是门庭若市。而私立幼儿园由于设备欠缺、师资不济很少得到关注，报名现场可谓 extrem selten。更为重要的一点是公立幼儿园可以得到更多的国家和地方政府的补助，进入公立幼儿园也就意味着孩子的生活学习有了安全-Garantie。因此，新闻中的那所公立幼儿园为了缓解学生人数，限定报名条件也就可以理解了。

但是，人满为患并不能成为教育不公的理由！公立幼儿园并不能因为报名人数太多，就随便添加入学条件，甚至拿幼儿父母的身份和地位说事，这不应该是公立幼儿园做的。如此做法就是 einfach nur entziehen 一部分人的受教育权，更是对相关教育法律法规的 Trampeln 和 Profanisierung。

近代学前教育理论的奠基人、“幼儿教育之父”福禄培儿就积极进行幼儿教育的宣传，提倡发展幼儿教育，aufrufen 整个社会对学前教育的重视。我国近代学前教育理论和实践的 Pionier ——陈鹤琴更是一生致力于符合中国国情的儿童教育，“活教育思想”对我国近代幼儿教育起到了至关重要的作用。然而，看看当下的社会对于幼儿教育的态度吧，幼儿园招收幼儿时恐怕已经忘记了作为教育工作者所应具有的使命吧。而家长们呢，哪里又考虑到幼儿身心的健康发展，一味地把孩子送到公立幼儿园，却不曾考虑孩子的承受能力和实际情况。

其实，部分公立幼儿园只招官二代的荒谬现象之所以会发生，根源还在于当前教育资源的分布不均、分配不均所引起的。要破解此怪象，国家、社会、学校以及家庭都要在实践中不断摸索符合幼儿的教育。换而言之，如果凡事都能为幼儿的身心发展考虑的话，入园难、入园贵还会是问题吗？！

Shouwang Yue'r

Übersetzung

Public Kindergarten’s recruitment scandal

Over the past two days, many young elementary and middle school children have started school. Accompanying the return to school has come a dramatic rise in kindergarten fees, and news of a public kindergarten in Shanyang County in Shaanxi Province which would only accept for enrolment children whose parents are both employed in County-level government positions. Although the department responsible has apologised to internet users for the “public kindergarten recruiting children of officials” scandal, the fact remains: this is an era in which having a better family background matters. (September 3, people.com.cn)

A public kindergarten recruiting only the children of officials? Do not make the mistake of thinking that this is mere rumour and sensationalism. Such a thing could only happen in a feudal society (elitist, aristocratic education). That it actually happened in today’s society is truly startling and shocking. Looking at this incident together with the current status and problems of China’s education system gives us much to think about.

Firstly, why is it so difficult and expensive to get into kindergarten? In theory, China has enough kindergartens at present to meet children’s educational needs. However, by dividing these into public and private kindergartens, the explanation for a very strange phenomenon in the current education system becomes apparent. That is, because so many families want the full facilities and qualified teachers which public kindergartens offer, enrolments are overcrowded. Private kindergartens, with poor facilities and underqualified teachers, receive little interest, and enrolments are sparse. More importantly, public kindergartens can receive more national and regional subsidies. Entering a public school is a guarantee of security for children in their studies and daily lives. In light of this, it is understandable that that public kindergarten in the news would limit enrolment conditions in order to reduce student numbers.

However, overcrowding cannot justify unfairness in education! Public kindergartens cannot place whatever conditions on enrolment they please simply because enrolment numbers are too high, even taking into account parents’ status and position. This is not something public kindergartens should be doing. These kinds of actions blatantly deprive some people of their right to education, profaning and trampling on education laws and regulations.

Friedrich Frobel, the founder of modern preschool education and “father of early childhood education”, actively publicised and advocated the development of early childhood education, calling on the whole of society to value preschool education. Chen Heqin, the pioneer of modern preschool education theory and practice in China, devoted his life to a type of childhood education suitable for China. “Living education theory” had a great impact on China’s modern early childhood education. However, take a look at attitudes towards early childhood education in today’s society. It seems that kindergartens, when recruiting children, have forgotten what their mission as educators should be. As for parents, they do not spare a thought for their children’s healthy mental and physical growth, blindly sending them to public kindergartens without considering their children’s particular needs and ability to cope.

In fact, the root cause for the absurd phenomenon of some public kindergartens only accepting the children of officials lies in the present unequal distribution and allocation of educational resources. In order to resolve this phenomenon, the country, society, schools and parents must all constantly strive towards education suited to the children. To put it another way, if in all matters consideration was given to children’s mental and physical development, would it be so difficult and expensive to get into kindergarten!?

Julien Leyre website

Das Buch der Riten

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Richard Wilhelm

Trank und Speise und der Liebesgenuß, darin bestehen die wichtigsten Triebe der Menschen; Tod und Elend, Armut und Bitternis, dagegen richtet sich die hauptsächliche Abneigung der Menschen. Diese Triebe und diese Abneigungen, das sind die beiden Pole des menschlichen Wesens. Die Menschen verbergen aber ihre Gesinnung, so daß man sie nicht erraten kann. Gutes und Böses ist im Herzen, ohne daß es sich in den Mienen zeigt. Wie will man das alles erschöpfend ans Licht bringen außer durch die Sitte?

James Legge

The things which men greatly desire are comprehended in meat and drink and sexual pleasure; those which they greatly dislike are comprehended in death, exile, poverty, and suffering. Thus liking and disliking are the great elements in men's minds. But men keep them hidden in their minds, where they cannot be fathomed or measured. The good and the bad of them being in their minds, and no outward manifestation of them being visible, if it be wished to determine these qualities in one uniform way, how can it be done without the use of the rules of propriety (implied in the ceremonial usages)?

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