Eine ${\displaystyle {}n\times n}$-Matrix der Form

${\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}d_{11}&0&\cdots &\cdots &0\\0&d_{22}&0&\cdots &0\\\vdots &\ddots &\ddots &\ddots &\vdots \\0&\cdots &0&d_{n-1\,n-1}&0\\0&\cdots &\cdots &0&d_{nn}\end{pmatrix}}}$

nennt man Diagonalmatrix.