忠君并非无条件

“崔杼弑其君”，这个典故常用来形容历史记录者不顾安危、秉笔直书的风骨。公元前548年（鲁襄公二十五 年），齐国的重臣崔杼将国君庄公杀掉了，并控制了国家。齐国的太史如此写，被崔杼杀掉；他的弟弟接着这样写，同样被杀掉；史官的另一个弟弟不怕死，仍然重 复两位死去的兄长的记载。碰到这样不怕死的一家人，崔氏只好作罢。

崔杼为什么要将国君杀死？可以说这是荒淫无耻的齐庄公自找的。

崔杼的家臣东郭偃的姐姐，嫁给了齐国的 Tang 公。不久，Tang 公死了，她姐姐年轻守寡。崔杼在东郭偃的陪同下去吊丧，看到寡妇很漂亮，色心打动，让东郭偃去 说合，再嫁给他。东郭偃说不可，我们是同姓—–古代姓、氏是分开的，东郭和崔氏都出自齐国公室姜姓，同姓，是不能结婚的。而且就此事占卦，是大凶之 象。可小寡妇实在太漂亮，崔杼舍不得，说这女人就算是白虎星，克夫，她的前夫 Tang 公已经承担了，以后就没事了。

于是，在自我 Wohlbehagen 下，他娶了小寡妇 Tang 姜。这 Tang 姜是不安分的主，到崔家后不久竟然和国君齐庄公 Affäre 上了。庄公经常上崔家和情妇幽会。他给崔杼戴一顶绿 帽子还不要紧，竟然忘乎所以，顺手牵羊将崔杼留在家里的帽子拿出去送给别人。——这就等于公然侮辱一个大夫了，崔杼决定报复。

那年五月，崔杼装病，不能上朝。这齐庄公假仁假义去崔家探望病人——也没准是去看崔氏是不是真的要咽气了，如真那样他和 Tang 姜通奸就更方便 了。而崔杼自己躲出去，让手下人手持刀枪埋伏一旁，齐庄公到崔家，把自己的侍卫却留在外面。走进去后没发现崔杼，只见到 Tang 姜，正在疑惑，崔家的家丁们一拥 而上将齐庄公抓住。—–这下是 ergreifen 奸那双了。

齐庄公连连告饶，希望留他一条命。可崔家家丁们当然不会放虎归山，说我们家的老爷病了，已经没法出来见您了。我们只知道听主人的话，抓捕盗贼和奸夫淫妇。—–于是，毫不客气当场把齐庄公杀掉了。

尽管这齐庄公是个淫贼，但总算是一国之君，大臣杀掉他那是标准的犯上作乱，崔杼于是一不做二不休，把齐庄公的跟随全部杀掉，并在朝中进行大清洗，让 人人表态，承认他弑君的合理性。当时晏子—–即那位出使楚国的著名矮个子，他听说国君被杀死在崔家，便跑到崔家哭丧。手下人问他：你要为国君而死 吗？晏子回答说：难道他是我一个人的君主吗？我为什么要死？随从又问：那你要逃掉吗？晏子回答：君主的死是我的罪过吗？为什么要逃走？随从再问：那我们回 去吗？晏子回答：国君死了，回到哪儿去？作为老百姓的君主，不是让他来欺凌百姓的，而应主持国政。作为君主的臣下，并非是为了饭碗，而应当保护社稷。所以 君主若为国家社稷而死，那么臣子就应为他而死，君主为国家社稷而逃亡，臣子也应为他而逃亡。如果君主为自己而死，为自己而逃亡，除非是他的私宠，其他的人 谁应当为他而死或随他逃亡呢？而且他人立其为君主又将其杀掉，我哪能为这样的君主而死？（齐庄公得崔杼之力而被立为国君，却和人家妻子通奸，实在太无耻） 又怎么能为他逃亡？且又能回到哪里去呢？

崔家开了大门，晏子进去，头枕着齐庄公尸体大哭，起来后依礼数表达了哀悼，然后出去。有人对崔杼说：一定要把他杀掉。崔杼说：他深 vertrauen 民望，放过他，可得民心。

晏子这番话，显示了他（也包括当时一些贤明之人）对君臣之间权利义务关系的一种深刻理解。他的这一番看法，说明在春秋时，许多士大夫已经认为“忠 君”并非是无条件的。如果一个君主尽到了他的义务，比如善待百姓，勤于政事，为江山社稷而死，那么做臣子的，有忠于他、追随他的义务。如果他本人是个混 蛋，放荡无耻，就如齐庄公那样，搞了大臣的老婆，被人杀掉，这样的君主，也用不着为他尽忠。

当然，君臣之间并非平等关系，而是君上臣下的尊卑关系，但不能因为彼此有尊卑，就忽视二者之间的权利义务平衡关系，而要求卑者对尊者无条件地忠诚。 ——应当说，晏子的主张，更接近于现代一些政治理念。在秦汉以后，君权扩大，君臣之间的权利义务一步步失衡，如果谁再有晏子那样的主张，恐怕会被视为大逆 不道。在帝制时代，虽桀纣之君，也要视之如尧舜，对其无限忠于无限热爱。

Kan Chai

Übersetzung

Loyalty is not unconditional

“Cui Zhu killed his Lord”: this phrase is often used as an allusion to describe the way those who record events for history can disregard their own safety, and is the textbook reference to talk about strength of character. In 548 BC (Year 25 in the Lu calendar), the Minister of State of Qi country, Cui Zhu, killed the Monarch, Duke Zhuang, and took over the State. The Great historiographer of Qi country then wrote this: Cui Zhu killed him. His little brother wrote the same again, he killed him; and a third brother of the historian, who was not afraid to die, still repeated the words of his two dead brothers. Face with a man like this, who did not fear death, Cui Zhu had to give up.

Why did Cui Zhu kill his monarch? You could say that the shameless, dissolute Duke Zhuang brought it upon himself.

The older sister of Cui Zhu’s advisor, Dong Guoyan married, Duke Tang of Qi. Soon after, Duke Tang died, and his sister was a young widow. Dong Guoyan accompanied Cui Zhu to the funeral to pay their respects and Cui Zhu saw that the young widow was very attractive. Captivated by her beauty, Cui Zhu asked Dong Guoyan to be the mediator and arrange for the widow to marry him. Dong Guoyan refused, arguing that both his sister and Cui Zhu had the same family name — during the old days, family names and last names were different, and both the Cui family and the Dong Guo family were descendants of the Kang family, one of Qi country’s main clans, so, being of the same family line, they couldn’t not be married. Divination had also revealed that if they proceeded, the marriage would bring great misfortune. However, Cui Zhu was reluctant to let the matter go, as the young widow was very beautiful. He lamented that even if the widow was jinxed and destined to bring death upon her husband, her previous husband, Duke Tang had born the curse and died, so everything would be all right.

Consequently, to comfort himself, he married another young widow, Tong Jiang. Tong Jiang was a cause of unrest: not long after joining the Cui family, she even had an affair with the Monarch of Qi, Duke Zhuang. Duke Zhuang often came to the Cui family to frolic with his mistress. He didn’t care that he had made Cui Zhu wear horns, and even got carried away, conveniently pilfering a hat Cui Zui had left at home, giving it away as if it was his. — This action amounted to public humiliation, and Cui Zhu decided to have revenge.

That year in May, Cui Zhu pretended to be ill and did not attend the court meetings. The hypocritical Duke Zhuang then dropped by Cui’s house to visit Cui Zhu who was unwell — maybe it was also to see if Cui Zhu was on the verge of death: if it was so, having an affair with Tong Jiang would be convenient. However, Cui Zhu himself hid outside while having men armed with swords ambushed on one side. Later, when Duke Zhuang arrived at Cui’s house, he went in alone, leaving his bodyguards outside. After entering the house, Duke Zhuang found a puzzled Tang Jiang while Cui Zhu was nowhere to be seen. Moments later, Cui’s family servants rushed into the house and seized Duke Zhang. — This time, Cui Zhu had managed to seized the adulterers together.

Duke Zhuang repeatedly asked for mercy, hoping to save his life. However, of course, Cui’s family servants would not send thetiger back to the mountains and informed Duke Zhuang that their master was ill and unable to see him. The servants said that they were only obeying their master’s orders to apprehend thieves, adulterer and adulteress. — Consequently, Duke Zhuang was killed on the spot.

Although Duke Zhuang was a lewd man, he was nonetheless the monarch, and a minister killing the monarch was a classic case of rebellion. So, thinking he might as well be hanged for a sheep as for a lamb, Cui Zhu decided to kill Duke Zhuang’s servants while also carrying out a massive purge of the court officials who supported the Duke. This was done so that everyone would declare their allegiance and recognize the rationality of his regicide. When Yan Zi, — Chu country’s ambassador, famous for being a diminutive — heard that the monarch was killed at Cui Zhu’s residence, he went over to Cui’s home to grieve. But Yan Zi’s men asked him: “are you planning to die for the monarch?” Yanzi replied: “Is the monarch my king alone? Why should I die?” His entourage then asked: “Then are you planning to escape?” Yan Zi answered: “Is the death of the monarch my sin? Why should I run away?” His entourage then asked again: “Then are we going back?” Yan Zi answered: “The king is dead, where can we go back to? As a monarch of the people, it is not for him to oppress the people, but to administer the country’s political affairs. As the monarch’s ministers, we should not protect our livelihood, instead, we should protect the country. So, if the monarch died for his country, thenloyal subjects should die for him. If the monarch flee for the sovereign of the national state, then the ministers should also escape with him. However, if the monarch died or flee for his own ease and well-being, except for the monarch’s personal pet, who out of the other people should die for his sake or flee with the monarch? Besides, Duke Zhuang established his monarchy and he himself has ruined it, how then can I die for such a king? (Duke Zhuang ascended to the throne and was established as the monarch with Cui Zhu’s help yet committed adultery with Cui Zhu’s wife, his action was shameless and dishonorable) Also, how can I go into exile for such a ruler and where can I go back to?

When the Cui family opened its front doors, Yan Zi went in, rested his head on Duke Zhuang’s body and wept. He stood moments later and as was appropriate for a memorial service, Yan Zi paid his condolences then went out. Some said to Cui Zhu: you must kill Yan Zi. But Cui Zhu said: Yan Zi has the people’s trust, if we let him go, we can earn popularity with the people.

Yan Zi’s remarks showed his (and also other wise man of that time’s) deep understanding of the rights and obligation between the monarch and his officials. Yan Zi’s view illustrates that many scholars-officials during the Spring and Autumn Period (an era in Chinese history) believe that “loyalty” is not unconditional. If a monarch fulfilled his obligations, such as treating his people well, diligent in handling government affairs, dying for the sake of the sovereign country, then as a minister, he has to be loyal to the monarchy, and it is his duty to adhere to the monarch. However, there is no need to stay loyal to a monarch if the monarch is a rogue, or a shameless dissolute man just like Duke Zhuang, who frolics with a minister’s wife, and who was consequently, killed.

Although the relationship between the monarch and his subjects are not equal, but one of superiority and inferiority, it can not be a reason to ignore the balance of rights and obligations between the monarch and his subject, demanding for unconditional loyalty from the subordinate. — It should be said that Yan Zi’s opinion is similar to some of the modern political ideas. After the Qin and Han dynasty, monarchical power expanded and slowly, the rights and obligations between the monarch and his subjects became unbalanced. Consequently, if anyone endorsed the same opinion Yan Zi had had, it would have been considered as a heinous treason. During the age of monarchy, even though the monarch was a tyrant, he had to be regarded as Yao Shun (ancient sages), and be given infinite devotion and loyalty.

Julien Leyre website

全职主妇

先说说我的情况吧，结婚之前我在当地一家单位上班，结婚后因为老公家有自己的公司，老公及其家人都让我辞掉工作来公司，我就辞职了。

事情发生到现在已经1个多月了，但是我无法 entfernen aus 心中的阴影，我不想告诉身边的任何人，只有我自己知道我的心有多痛，我和老公 verliebten uns und 5年后结婚，现在已 经结婚2年了，期间关系一直很好，是身边朋友羡慕的对象，他说我是他的 erste Liebe，我一直都不相信，但他坚持说是，我想是不是第一个无所谓我只想做最后一个，现 在我已经怀孕了，还有1个月就到预产期了，事情发生在上个月，当时老公说星期六他们同学聚会问我去不去，因为我自怀孕以后心里总觉着丑的不想见人了，在说 月份大了感觉他们去吃饭唱歌跟着也不方便就没去，可是让我想不到的事情就发生了，那晚老公到了凌晨2点才回来，回来后给我说当初暗 verliebt 他的那个女孩也去了， 后来的日子就是天天半夜不睡觉一直在上QQ而且聊天的时候总是闭着我，要不然就是抱着手机在 Toilette sitzen 一两个小时不出来，我隐约感觉可能有问题，以前晚上不 管多晚多冷只要我说想喝水他都会给我倒，那天晚上饮水机上没水了，刚买来的新水就放地上，我让他给放到饮水机上，他一直在上QQ说等会等会直到我睡着了也 没喝上水，让我更伤心的事情还在后边，又过了没几天他给我说要出发去A市要账，当时我也没怀疑早上我还没起床他就走了，到了下午下班了我给他打电话关机 了，直到晚上他才打电话来说不回来了没找到人明天再看看在说，因为他带两个手机以前从来都不会同时关机的，加上前两天的种种迹象我感觉他说谎了，但当时我 问他没承认我也就半信半疑的算了，挂电话之后又关机了，到了第二天上班我婆婆一直打电话都关机，我婆婆急了让我查查看怎么还不回来而且连电话都打不通，我 一查发现根本没有在A市的通话记录，而是去了B市，而且早上走之前打了一个电话。当时我就 wählte 这个号码是个女的接的就是他天天聊QQ的那个女同学，我直 接给她说让**(我老公名字)接电话，对方沉默了一会问我是谁我说你应该能猜到我是谁吧，赶快让他接电话我找他有事又是一阵沉默，过了一会她说我没和他在 一块你打他手机吧，就挂了。打完电话我确定我所有的猜测都是正确的，当时就浑身发抖心里说不出的乱，也没心思工作了，但我还是装作很平静的给婆婆说没查 到，找个理由请假回家了。

回家后我一直在想这么多年了一直很好的，他怎么能在这个时候背叛我如果不是因为怀孕了我可以不顾一切的离开，或者说如果是怀孕初期也还有的选择，现 在已经这么大月份了，我真的无法接受。后来我发现他QQ在线就直接发信息过去给他说别再 lügen 我都知道了能过就过不能过就算了他一直不回。到快天黑的时候 他回来了，一进门就像什么都没发生一样给我说话，我是一个比较软弱的人，面对他我只有沉默、哭、我不理他。他就一直问我怎么了为什么不理他，我说你做了什 么你自己知道，你这两天都干什么了，他说确实是去A市了，人家领导不在没要到钱，当我说我查他通话都是在B市，根本就没有在A市的通话记录，为什么走时还 给他同学打电话时，他给我的解释是他那个同学心情不好想出去散散心他就把他同学送到B市了然后连夜又去了A市，而且不只那一个女同学还有其他的同学一起 的，手机在头天晚上给我打完电话后因为电不多了就关机了，到了A市时发现手机丢了，可是他手机在两天都是在B市通话的，说明他还是骗我的他就是一直和他同 学在B市根本就没去A市，可是他不承认说他真没做对不起我的事情，我就觉得很委屈一个劲的哭，我说以前我在单位上班时组织出去玩每次你都不让我去，说等你 有时间的时候你带我玩，直到现在你也没带我出去过，我也理解知道你忙，你竟然能带他出去玩两天。他就问我想去哪他带我去或者等孩子出生后带着孩子一起去还 说保证以后不在和他同学联系了。

自结婚以后公司和他家里出了很多事，有时他会对我说我嫁给他让我受委屈了，我应该嫁一个和我一样上班的人过幸福的生活，我听了感动的哭了，心里想嫁 这样的人即使在累我也值了，可是没想到他竟然在这个时候做出这样的事情，我真不知道我该怎么办了，我很无助我也不想对任何人说，每天只要想起这件就特别伤 心，这些天来我一直很压抑，不知道该如何面对他，他倒是像什么都没发生一样问我怎么了，我也不想在和他提那件事提了他也不会承认，再说了他已经给我保证不 和他同学联系了我在 nörgeln 下去也没意思了，我只是不想理他对他失去了信任，有时偷偷看看他手机也没再发现问题，QQ聊天记录也什么都没有了，我不知道是确实 没联系还是都 gelöscht，可是我还是忘不了没事的时候还是满脑子里想，想起来我就哭，我哭的时候他除了问问怎么了别的也不多说了，慢慢的我发现他好像也懒得再 给我解释这件事了，对我也失去耐心了，我现在只想自己找个地方呆着静一静，但是我又不想把这件事告诉公公婆婆，天天还要应付着来上班。我不知道他在这件事 上有没有感到内疚。也不知道这件事还要困扰我多长时间。

Shu Dong

Übersetzung

Full time housewife

First, I’ll talk about my own situation. Before I was married I was employed in a local work unit; after I married, because my husband’s family had their own company, they insisted that I resign from the work unit and join their company, so I immediately resigned.

Over a month ago, something happened. I haven’t been able to erase it from my mind and it continues to haunt me. I don’t want to tell anyone close to me, only I know that my heart holds so much sorrow. My husband and I fell in love and were married five years later; now it’s been two years since we married. Over that time our relationship had always been good, envied among my friends. He said I was his first love. I was never quite convinced that it was true, but he insisted that I was. I thought that regardless of whether or not I was his first love, I just wanted to be the last. Now I am pregnant, and due to give birth in one month. Last month, something happened. My husband said that he was seeing his classmates on Saturday and asked me if I was coming. Because I was pregnant and felt ugly, I didn’t want to see anybody. Also, because I was so close to my due date, I felt that accompanying them to dinner and karaoke was not sensible, so I didn’t go. But then, the unthinkable happened. That night, my husband didn’t arrive home until 2am. After he got home, he told me that a girl he used to have a crush on was there. In the following days, he was chatting on QQ all day and night without sleeping. When he was chatting, he ignored me, or he would squat on the toilet with his phone for one to two hours. I was vaguely becoming aware that I might have a problem: previous nights, no matter how late or cold it was, if I wanted a drink of water, he would get one for me. That evening the water dispenser ran out of water and the new water bottle that had just been delivered was sitting on the floor. I asked him to put it in the water dispenser, but he was on QQ non-stop, and told me to wait. I waited until I fell asleep and didn’t end up getting a drink of water. But what happened after made me even more heart-broken. A few days later he told me he was going out to city ‘A’ to settle an account. He left early in the morning whilst I was still in bed. At that time, I wasn’t suspicious. After work that afternoon, I tried to call him, but his phone was switched off. He didn’t ring back until the evening, and said he wasn’t coming back as he hadn’t found the person and so would look for him again the following day. Because he has two cell phones which are never turned off at the same time, and the signs from the previous two days, I felt that he was lying to me. But when I asked him he didn’t admit anything and so I let it go, half believing, half doubting him. After I hung up the phone he turned his cell phone off again. On the second day of his business trip, my mother-in-law phoned him, but his cellphone was turned off. My mother-in-law was worried and asked me to find out why he still hadn’t come back, and also why neither phone was connecting. I checked and discovered there was no record of a phone call from city ‘A’, but instead there was one from city ‘B’, and also, that a call was made early that morning. I immediately rang the number, a woman answered, it was that woman classmate that he chats with on QQ everyday. I told her straight up to ask ** (my husband’s name) to come to the phone. It was silent on the line for a moment, then she asked me who I was. I said you ought to be able to guess who I am shouldn’t you? Right away I said, let him answer the phone I need to discuss something with him. There was a moment of silence again. After a while she said, he’s not here, you should call him on his cell phone. Then she hung up. After the phone call, I was sure my suspicions were correct. I started shaking from head to toe, my mind was racing, and I was no longer in the mood to work. I calmly told my mother in law that I hadn’t found anything out, and then tried to find a reason to take leave from work and go home.

After I got home I kept thinking: after so many years of happiness, how could he betray me like this? If I wasn’t pregnant I could leave without a care, or if I was in the early stages of pregnancy I would have other options. Now I am in the late stages of my pregnancy; I really can’t accept it any more. Later I found him on QQ, and sent him a direct message saying, don’t lie again, I know everything. If it can stay in the past, then it’s in the past, but if not, then don’t bother coming back. He arrived home as dusk was falling. He came in and spoke to me like nothing had happened. I am a relatively weak person; I confronted him in silence, in tears, and took no notice of him. He kept asking me what was wrong, why I was ignoring him. I said， you know what you have done. What have you been doing for the last two days? He said he really did go to city ‘A’，but the business head wasn’t there so he couldn’t retrieve the money. When I said that I checked his call records, and all his phone calls were from city ‘B’, and that there was no record of any phone calls made from city ‘A’，and asked why he had called his classmate whilst he was away. His explanation to me was that one of his classmates was feeling a bit down and felt like going out. So together with that particular female classmate and several other classmates, he went to city ‘B’, then that same night returned to city ‘A’. After our phone call the previous evening he turned his cell phone off as the power was getting low. When he got to city ‘A’ he realised that he had lost his cell phone. But he had been making calls for two days from city ‘B’. He was still lying to me. My explanation is that he was with his classmates in city ‘B’ the entire time, and just didn’t go to ‘A’ city at all. But he wouldn’t admit to anything, saying he did nothing wrong by me. I felt wronged couldn’t stop crying. I said, in the past when I was employed with the work unit, every time the group went out you didn’t let me go, telling me to wait until you have the time then you’ll take me out for some fun. Up to now you haven’t taken me out. I know you are busy, but you were able to take off two days to spend with her. Then he asked me to think where to go and he’ll take me, or maybe wait until after the baby is born and we can go out together. He also said that in the future, he wouldn’t have any more contact with his classmate.

After the wedding, a lot of things happened with his family and the company. Sometimes he would tell me that I had made a mistake to marry him, I should have married a man who I worked with, and then I would have enjoyed a happy life. I listened touched with emotion and cried. In my heart, that is the type of man, I wanted to marry. Even though it’s tiring, it’s worth it. But at that time, I did not expect him to do something like that. I really don’t know what to do; I feel helpless and I don’t want to talk to anyone about it. Every day， if I remember this matter, I feel especially brokenhearted. These days I am very depressed. I don’t know whether or not I should confront him. On the contrary, he acts as if nothing has happened and asks me what the problem is. I don’t want to raise the issue with him again; he still won’t admit anything. Besides, he already assured me he doesn’t have any contact with his classmates anymore, and that my continual nagging was boring. I simply don’t think he’s telling the truth and I have lost confidence in him. I sometimes secretly have a quick look at his cellphone but haven’t found any more problems. There was nothing on his QQ chat records either; I don’t know how reliable this is, that he hasn’t contacted anyone, or if his records have been deleted. Yet I still can’t forget. When I have nothing to do my mind is full of thoughts. When I start thinking I start to cry. When I cry he either asks me what’s going on or else doesn’t say anything. Eventually, I realised that he does not want to explain things to me again, and he is losing patience with me. Now I just want to find a place to stay by myself to calm down a bit. Yet I don’t want to tell my husband’s parents. Every day I still cope with it and go to work. I don’t know if he has a guilty conscience. I also don’t know how long these matters will continue to trouble me.

Virginia Russell

Apostelgeschichte Kapitel 14