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the marco polo project: Boykottieren “圣诞节”能保护传统文化？

前几天，是西方传统节日“圣诞节” ，有 Medien 报道，西北某高校“圣诞节” organisieren 学生观看中华传统文化宣传片，“平安夜各班 Lehrer 都在场，楼下有许多老师把守，Abwesenheit 将按三次旷课处理” 。该校微博回应，这么做“只是希望大家不要盲目 alles Ausländische anbeten，重视起中国传统文化” 。另有报道称，温州多所中小学接到教育部门通知，要求“不在校园里举行任何与圣诞主题有关的活动” ；更有湖南某高校学生身着汉服，在一处圣诞活动现场，举起“ boykottieren 圣诞节”的标语。

近年来，“洋节”能不能过、中国传统节日怎么过的话题时有讨论，每逢西方“圣诞节”“情人节”之际，争论的声音时有耳闻，也有专家学者 vorgeschlagen 设立“中华母亲节”“中华父亲节” ，以取代年轻人爱过的西方“母亲节”“父亲节” 。这是出于人们保护 den Reichtum 中国传统文化的自觉。认识到乱过“洋节”容易对传统文化 hat einen 不良影响，教育部门、学校 hat man Schritte eingeleitet，青少年自身也有所行动，和几年前“有节就过”“盲目过节”相比，这种 Einstellung 转变 unzweifelhaft lobenswert。

然而，保护 den Reichtum 中国传统文化，是否需要强制“boykottieren 圣诞节” ，人们“boykottieren”的又是什么，却 es ist wert, 深 untersuchen 一番。这所西北高校在回应中表示，一些学生认为“洋节”时尚，中国传统节日“老土” ，“这是一个令人痛心的现象” 。实际上，无论中国还是西方，节日承载了本民族的文化历史记忆和民族情感，而本民族的节日在他者看来，则首先是一种文化奇观。在西方国家的中国居民聚居区，也常有当地居民出于喜爱和好奇，与中国人一同过春节的 Umstände，故而笔者以为，节日本无“时尚”与“老土”之分，只有“新奇” “ungewohnt” 与 “习以为常”之分。

只不过，由于西方商品经济发达，“洋节”传入中国时，经过商业 Methode 的运作，仅为国人带来了一 gewisse 的物质形式，它以“圣诞节”“情人节”的面目示人，内里实为一种大众消费体验。年轻人在“圣诞节” gegenseitig 送苹果，在“情人节” schenken sie Rosen、巧克力，其实不是本土意义上的“过节” ，而是在商业 Methode 的 Leitung，体验一种新奇 ungewohnte 的“过法” ，对于不 gewohnt 西方文化的过节者来说，无异于一场有趣的游戏。故而，“boykottieren 圣诞节”其实是在 boykottieren 对“圣诞节”的过度消费，并担心这种过度消费带来的“圣诞节” aufregende Atmosphäre，会影响传统节日在人们心中的地位。其实这种“体验”始终停留在消费层面，“圣诞节”等西方节日所承载的文化本身，并未也不太可能仅仅因此而深入人心。

由此可见，以 boykottieren “洋节”的过度消费来保护 den Reichtum 传统文化，其实是一种观念上的错位。我们真正需要 vorsehen 的是，商业 Methode、消费主义带来的节日的同质化现象。几年前就曾有学者 in einem Artikel 表示，消费主义正在 ausradieren 我们的节日记忆；国人“节”“假”不分，往往把“节日”过成“假日” 。如今，旅游、Shopping、gut zu essen 已成为许多节日的主要内容，人们的这种“过法” ，把春节、清明节、中秋节等都简化成了“Erholung und Unterhaltung 节” 。笔者以为，真正应该担心的是，国人在 Erholung und Unterhaltung 的过节方式下，把中国传统节日过得像那些作为“有趣的游戏”来体验的“洋节”一样，一旦如此，中国传统节日对于国人的意义也只能止于消费，其所承载的历史文化记忆和民族情感将无法深入人心。

Chu Qing

Übersetzung

Can boycotting Christmas save Chinese culture?

The traditional Western festival of Christmas took place a few days ago, and some media reports said that in a North-Western university, a group of students organised the viewing of traditional Chinese videos for ‘Christmas’, while ‘on Christmas Eve, all the class leaders were present, many teachers guarded the exits, and absence would be punished three times as much as usual”. The school’s weibo account responded that this was so that ‘not everyone would blindly fawn to foreign cultures, and look back at the Chinese traditions’. Another report indicated that many primary and secondary schools in Wenzhou received a notice to ‘not carry on any Christmas related activities’ ; and at a College in Hunan, a student dressed in traditional Chinese clothes, and carried a ‘Boycott Christmas’ sign at a Christmas event.

In the last years, it’s been a regular topic of discussion whether we should celebrate Western festivals, and how to celebrate Chinese festivals. For each Western ‘Christmas’ or ‘Valentine’s Day’, an argument is heard; and some experts and scholars have taken initiatives to set up a Chinese ‘Mother’s Day’ or ‘Father’s Day’ to replace the Western Mother’s Day or Father’s day that young people love. This is to increase the awareness of a need to protect traditional Chinese culture among people. There is a sense that chaotically celebrating Western festivals poses a threat to traditional culture, and so education departments and schools have taken measures – teenagers themselves have taken initiatives. In copmparison to the prevalent attitude a few years ago, when ‘every festival should be celebrated’ and ‘let’s blindly celebrate’ was the rule, this is definitely praiseworthy.

However, does the protection of traditional Chinese culture require a mandatory ‘Christmas boycott’ – and it is worth questioning deeper what it is exactly that people are ‘boycotting’. This is what North-Western University said in response – some of the students find that Western festivals are ‘fashionable’, while Chinese festivals are ‘old fashioned’: ‘This is a sad phenomenon’. In fact, whether in China or in the West, Festivals carry the historical memory and national feeling of that nation, but in the eyes of others, those festivals are mainly cultural spectacles. In Western cities, there is often interest and curiosity for the residents of Chinatowns and their customs, and they like celebrating Spring Festivals with the Chinese community. Therefore, I belive that festivals are no intrinsically ‘fashionable’ or ‘old-fashioned’, but only ‘new’, ‘foreign’ or ‘usual’.

The only thing is, because of the development of Western consumer economy, when the ‘Western Festival’ get into China, they’re already been commodified. They only offer a certain physical form to Chinese people, externally, they look like ‘Christmas’ or ‘Valentine’s day’, but in fact, they’re nothing more than consumer experiences. At Christmas, young people give each other an apple; for Valentine’s day, they give each other roses or chocolates. In reality, this is not properly ‘celebrating a festival’, but under the impulsion of a commercial framework, experience some novel and strange form of ‘going beyong the law’. For the people celebrating the festival who are not familiar with Western culture, it’s nothing more than a fun game. Therefore, ‘boycotting Christmas’ is actually boycotting the excessive consumption that goes with Christmas, and worrying that the excessive consumption associated with Christmas may tarnish the status of traditional festivals in people’s minds. In fact, this kind of ‘experience’ never goes beyond consumption, the cultural content of ‘Christmas’ and other western festivals is unlikely to enter deep into people’s hearts through the current form of celebration.

From this point of view, controlling the consumerist experience of foreign festivals as a way to protect traditional Chinese festivals is a case of conceptual mistake. What we really need to guard against is the commericalisation, the consumerisation, and the homogenization of our festivals. A few years ago, a scholar wrote that consumerism is erasing our memories of festivals; we no longer distinguish between a festival and a day off, and more and more, we simply think of festivals as a day off work. Today, tourism, shopping and good dining have become the core of many festivals, and from a ‘special time’, Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, mid autumn festival have become nothing more than a ‘day of recreation’. I believe, what we should really worry about is that, under the influence of entertainment culture, Chinese people are now celebrating our national festivals in the same way that we do these foreign festivals, as pure ‘fun and novelty experiences’. And if that is the case, our traditional festivals will have no further meaning for us than a consumer experience, and none of the historical significance and national sentiment they carry will penetrate deep into our hearts.

Julien Leyre website

Bibel

Übersetzung Richard Wilhelm

Die vor alters tüchtig waren als Meister,

waren im Verborgenen eins mit den unsichtbaren Kräften.

Tief waren sie, so daß man sie nicht kennen kann.

Weil man sie nicht kennen kann,

darum kann man nur mit Mühe ihr Äußeres beschreiben.

Zögernd, wie wer im Winter einen Fluß durchschreitet,

vorsichtig, wie wer von allen Seiten Nachbarn fürchtet,

zurückhaltend wie Gäste,

vergehend wie Eis, das am Schmelzen ist,

einfach, wie unbearbeiteter Stoff,

weit waren sie, wie das Tal,

undurchsichtig waren sie, wie das Trübe.

Übersetzung wikisource

Once upon a time, those who knew the Way, were a mysterious and subtle people,

Transient yet profound, tranquil yet utterly unfathomable.

Since they are inexplicable, I can only tell what they seem like:

Cautious, as if wading through a winter river,

Wary, as if afraid of their own neighbours.

Grave, like the courteous house guests.

Elusive, as of melting ice.

Pure and natural, as of unchiseled gems.

Wide and open, as of a deep valley.

Yet mysterious, oh yes, they were like troubled water.