I had similar problem with the "AdminInitiateAuth" method. I was able to get mine working by enabling ADMIN_NO_SRP_AUTH in the UserPool. Go to UserPool > APPS > Show Details and check the checkbox "Enable sign-in API for server-based authentication (ADMIN_NO_SRP_AUTH)". Once that was done, I could use the AuthFlowType.ADMIN_NO_SRP_AUTH.
// example from a java implementation...
AdminInitiateAuthRequest request = new AdminInitiateAuthRequest();
request.withClientId(CLIENT_APP_ID); // clinet id assigned in the userpool
request.withUserPoolId(USER_POOL_ID); // the id of the user pool
request.addAuthParametersEntry("USERNAME", userId);
request.addAuthParametersEntry("PASSWORD", pwd);
request.withAuthFlow(AuthFlowType.ADMIN_NO_SRP_AUTH);
// HAVE TO ENABLE THIS WORKFLOW ON THE USER POOL!
// You may be able to just set the workflow to AuthFlowType.USER_SRP_AUTH if you don't use the AdminInitiateRequest
// initiate the auth request
AdminInitiateAuthResult result = identityUserPoolProviderClient.adminInitiateAuth(request);