In answer to this question Assisting Agda's termination checker the recursion is proven to be well-founded.
Given the function defined like so (and everything else like in Vitus's answer there):
f : ℕ → ℕ
f n = go _ (<-wf n)
where
go : ∀ n → Acc n → ℕ
go zero _ = 0
go (suc n) (acc a) = go ⌊ n /2⌋ (a _ (s≤s (/2-less _)))
I cannot see how to prove f n == f ⌊ n /2⌋. (My actual problem has a different function, but the problem seems to boil down to the same thing)
My understanding is that go gets Acc n computed in different ways. I suppose, f n can be shown to pass Acc ⌊ n /2⌋ computed by a _ (s≤s (/2-less _)), and f ⌊ n /2⌋ passes Acc ⌊ n /2⌋ computed by <-wf ⌊ n /2⌋, so they cannot be seen identical.
It seems to me proof-irrelevance must be used somehow, to say that it's enough to just have an instance of Acc n, no matter how computed - but any way I try to use it, it seems to contaminate everything with restrictions (eg pattern matching doesn't work, or irrelevant function cannot be applied, etc).