The Content-Type header of requests and responses is defined by the consumes and produces keywords, respectively. They can be specified on the operation level or on the root level of the spec.
The Authorization header is defined using the securityDefinitions and security keywords. OpenAPI/Swagger 2.0 supports Basic authentication, API keys and OAuth 2.
Other headers can be defined as in: header parameters.
For example, if an operation POSTs JSON and uses Basic auth, you can describe it as follows:
swagger: '2.0'
...
securityDefinitions: # Authorization, part 1
basicAuth:
type: basic
paths:
/something:
post:
summary: POST some JSON
consumes:
- application/json # Request Content-Type
produces:
- application/json # Response Content-Type
security:
- basicAuth: [] # Authorization, part 2
parameters:
- in: body
name: body
required: true
schema:
$ref: '#/definitions/Something'
responses:
200:
description: OK
Relevant documentation:
MIME Types
Authentication
Describing Parameters